[Digital Edition] Living in the Barangay: Unveiling the Societal Tapestry of Pre-Colonial Philippines

This study explores the pre-colonial Philippines, emphasizing the barangay system, communal values like kapwa and bayanihan, and governance through a PESTLE framework. It highlights social cohesion, economic dynamics, and cultural resilience, while recognizing vulnerabilities to fragmentation and external pressures that colonialism exploited. Reconnecting with Indigenous values can inspire modern Filipino identity.