Renewable energies are used to offset pollution from natural gas and coal-fired power plants. This offsets the risk of CO2 in the atmosphere increasing GHG degradation (Khan, 2022). The welfare of people in smaller countries is more impacted by climate change than larger countries even though they do not have a main impact on climate change (Tol, 2009, p. 29 - 30 ). The ecological economics of farming are being shifted across the globe because of climate change and this produces a large impact on the food supply (Porfirio, et, al, 2018 p. 1). Ecological economics and the effects of hurricanes and sea level rise on marshlands through climate change is addressed (Reddy, et, al, 2016 P. 1). The results are that marshlands help stave off 100-year hurricane predictions by keeping storm surges at bay. Building more inland can lessen the risk of sea level rise on coastlines (Reddy, et, al, 2016 P. 1). Sea level rise affects mangrove trees because erosion, sedimentation, vegetation stabilization, and decomposition is a leading causes of less ecotourism in Florida (Ding, 2004, p. 1). More jobs can be created if mangrove tree mitigation is considered to overcome CO2 in the ocean (Ding, 2004, p. 1) . Hedonic valuation is done by estimating agricultural prices associated with climate change impacts. A county-level panel was used in this quantitative study to understand the effects of weather on agriculture products (Greenstone, et, al., 2004). The Gross Domestic Product is a standard of ecological economic measurement put in place to indicate how many goods and services a country has developed within one year (Brezina, 2012, p. 4). Overall if these mitigation tools are used one can hope for a better future of the world’s ecological economics and sustainability for a brighter world future.
Thesis Statement
Ecological economics through elasticity and equilibrium can stabilize the effects of climate change on sea level rise, hurricane storm surge mitigation of marshes, agricultural impacts from warming temperatures, CO2 rise, and the ecological economic footprint of water.
Introduction & Literature Review
Human economic growth has caused destabilization in the environmental sector. This is because as human economic growth increases so does the degradation of the environmental economics. Humans have begun to consider ways to offset pollution through renewable energies (Khan, 2022). This has been developed to offset carbon dioxide risks in the atmosphere owing to the greenhouse effect. Environmental and global warming are the big worldviews for figuring out ways to overcome climate change. Production through chicken houses to farms produces greenhouse gas emissions not just natural gas or coal for energy usage. This is because the climate change scenario is very complex and more than one issue can overcome climate change. People in small countries are more vulnerable to climate change even though they have little impact on the development of greenhouse gases (Tol, 2009, p. 29 - 30 ). Ecological economics of farming have shifted worldwide because of climate change, disrupting agriculture production and food supply in global markets (Porfirio, et, al, 2018 p. 1). Climate change-producing sea level rise could destroy the economic structure of the Freeport region and leave it an unprotected place without any ecological economic control over hurricanes in the future (Reddy, et, al, 2016 P. 328). Sea level rises from climate change causing the water to rise too high on mangrove trees will destroy their habitat and create an ecological economic downturn (Ding, 2004, p. 2). The Yellow River basin is the fifth-largest river in the world (Chen, et, al., 2023 p. 3). It is also the largest river in China and meets the requirements of this study on the water the effects of climate change and the ecological economics of this river basin (Chen, et, al., 2023 p. 3). Climate change reduces the ecological economic footprint through GHG which in turn destroys the planet's environmental sustainability (Khan, 2022). Without renewable energy processes in place, CO2 will continue to rise at an exponential rate. This will produce a positive feedback loop that can overcome climate change's ecological economic equilibrium and elasticity (Khan, 2022).
Body
Human economic growth has caused destabilization in the environmental sector. This is because as human economic growth increases so does the degradation of the environmental economics. Humans have begun to consider ways to offset pollution through renewable energies (Khan, 2022). This has been developed to offset carbon dioxide risks in the atmosphere owing to the greenhouse effect. Environmental and global warming are the big worldviews for figuring out ways to overcome climate change. Ecosystems are being destroyed by fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas. Greenhouse gases have been the main destruction of environmental sustainability since the Industrial Revolution. World scientists are organizing an effort to understand whether energy and economic growth affect carbon emissions that produce global warming (Khan, 2022). For the last ten years, scientists have moved toward renewable energies to help maintain a slow movement in carbon parts per million in the atmosphere. However, the number of carbon dioxide parts per million continues to rise. Environmental economic destruction continues to be on the rise because it is thought that conventional energy resources are to blame such as coal and natural gas (Khan, 2022). This rise in carbon dioxide causes human health problems in the air we breathe. Countries that have developed a good renewable energy resource over natural gas and coal have seen a marked improvement in the environmental economy (Khan, 2022). With this in mind, the United States should have a balanced view of natural gas, coal, and renewable resources to overcome a negative environmental economy. The method used was quantitative analysis through data sourcing in an analytical approach (Khan, 2022). The relevance of this article to my research interests is climate change and the environmental approach to economics.
Production through chicken houses to farms produces greenhouse gas emissions not just natural gas or coal for energy usage. This is because the climate change scenario is very complex and not just one issue can overcome climate change. People in small countries are more vulnerable to climate change even though they have very little impact on the development of greenhouse gases (Tol, 2009, p. 29 - 30 ). The total economic effect of climate change is enormous worldwide. These effects trickle down to the environmental impacts of climate change. Not only is the environment being impacted but the welfare as well of humans. Costs within this sector skyrocket every year. Governments worldwide should move with the rising costs of welfare to meet this demand through social security increases per year to Medicare. Without the increase disabled and retirement citizens will suffer the most. The methods used in this journal article are qualitative, They surveyed people for the results within a certain sector. This journal article is important to my research paper in that it deals with the environmental aspects of climate change and the welfare sector. Without involving oneself in the impacts of climate change on the welfare of humans through monies needed to make sure they have food on the table climate change can increase a negative economy and produce large losses within many countries. Through increased temperature and loss of agricultural lands food loss will be substantial. This will create a huge environmental and welfare loss to small countries as well as large countries. The overall impact of climate change for centuries to come is disastrous (Tol, 2009, p. 34 ).
Ecological economics of farming have shifted worldwide because of climate change, disrupting agriculture production and food supply in global markets (Porfirio, et, al, 2018 p. 1). Even if mitigation to climate change is developed it will not offset the CO2 accumulation in the atmosphere that will overcome agriculture today and in the future (Porfirio, et, al, 2018 p. 1). This will cause ecological economics concerning agriculture to falter exponentially because of droughts and floods across known growing land developed through climate change (Porfirio, et, al, 2018 p. 4). Without mitigation of climate change world's food supply would deteriorate rapidly because of extreme global warming situations that arise from an overbearing CO2 rapid climb in parts per million count in the atmosphere (Porfirio, et, al, 2018 p. 2).
Ecological economics and the effects of hurricanes on marshlands near the Dow Chemical facility in Freeport Texas is the study of this journal text (Reddy, et, al, 2016 P. 1). Natural marshland-built levees exist near the Dow Chemical facility near Freeport Texas and provide a haven for the ecological economics of the region against a 100-year hurricane event (Reddy, et, al, 2016 P. 1). However, climate change-producing sea level rise could destroy the economic structure of the Freeport region and leave it an unprotected place without any ecological economic control over hurricanes in the future (Reddy, et, al, 2016 P. 328). Levee designs will have to be replaced and if not this would potentially cost Freeport Texas 210 million dollars in business revenue from sea level rise and future hurricanes (Reddy, et, al, 2016 P. 329). The business structure would leave the region making it less affordable to an ecological economic system (Reddy, et, al, 2016 P. 329). However, this paper and the next section decided on a method to overcome the marshland sea level rise and potential 100-year hurricane storm surge (Reddy, et, al, 2016 P. 330). This would keep businesses in the Freeport Texas region, continuing ecological/economic stability even during climate change and strengthening hurricanes (Reddy, et, al, 2016 P. 341).
GTEMC Model or General Equilibrium Economy Wide Model was used as a method to produce many different results to check for mitigation or without mitigation on the agricultural ecological economic structure (Porfirio, et, al, 2018 p. 2). The model helps researchers understand how GHG will affect agricultural food products during climate change (Porfirio, et, al, 2018 p. 2). The Global Integrated Assessment Modeling Framework model also is used as a method to understand agricultural degradation developed by climate change (Porfirio, et, al, 2018 p. 2). Climate models were introduced to understand what the 2-degree Celsius temperature rise would do to agricultural gains or losses that would impact ecological economics (Porfirio, et, al, 2018 p. 2). Then an index was developed to indicate if historical data was accurate. This was compared to future model data to compare and contrast (Porfirio, et, al, 2018 p. 2). This method of the FEMA HAZMUS Model, Sea Level Affected Level Marshes Model, and Net Present Value was used to determine whether mitigation efforts would be feasible in Freeport Texas storm surge and sea level rise during hurricanes (Reddy, et, al, 2016 P. 330). These models came together to understand that Freeport Texas and Dow Chemical would be able to withstand the one-hundred-year hurricane catastrophe storm surge through sea level rise that could impact the ecological economics of the region (Reddy, et, al, 2016 P. 332). Through using the FEMA HAZMUS Model for making decisions on hurricane preparedness of marshlands, Net Present Value was to indicate what situations would arise in hurricane activity, and the Sea Level Affected Level Marshes Model to understand how sea level rise would impact coastlines and Freeport Texas from high levels of storm surge (Reddy, et, al, 2016 P. 332). These models came together and produced a successful mitigation effort for Freeport Texas to encourage economic economics for the region (Reddy, et, al, 2016 P. 332)
Sea level rise affects mangrove trees because of erosion, sedimentation, vegetation stabilization, and decomposition (Ding, 2004, p. 1). If the sea level rises from climate change causing the water to rise too high on mangrove trees it will destroy their habitat and create an ecological economic downturn (Ding, 2004, p. 2). This is because mangrove trees are essential in overcoming the CO2 crisis through their ability to absorb carbon dioxide from the ocean (Ding, 2004, p. 1). Mangrove trees absorb 17.6% of all marine carbon dioxide in the oceans worldwide (Ding, 2004, p. 1). In Florida alone, mangrove trees brought 19,347 jobs through ecotourism to the Sunshine State (Ding, 2004, p. 1). Global ecological economic attention has been brought to mangrove trees because of their ability to sequester marine carbon dioxide through biodiversity (Ding, 2004, p. 1).
Sustainability is an important topic when dealing with water protection and ecological economics (Chen, et, al., 2023 p. 1). There are two types of models in which this study is involved which are conventional and unconventional water models (Chen, et, al., 2023 p. 2). The conventional is based on water volume while the unconventional is associated with the water’s ecological footprint (Chen, et, al., 2023 p. 2). The analytical hierarchy process is also associated with the conventional model in water-rich areas (Chen, et, al., 2023 p. 2). The unconventional model is not considered an evaluation model but can give a quantitive analysis of sustainability for the ecological economics of water. The study takes place in the Yellow River Basin of China (Chen, et, al., 2023 p. 2). The Yellow River basin is the fifth-largest river in the world (Chen, et, al., 2023 p. 3). It is also the largest river in China and meets the requirements of this study on water and the ecological economics of this river basin (Chen, et, al., 2023 p. 3). There are more people than the water resources within the Yellow River Basin (Chen, et, al., 2023 p. 3).
Hedonic valuation is done by estimating agricultural prices associated with climate change impacts. A county-level panel was used in this quantitative study to assess the effects of weather on agriculture products (Greenstone, et, al., 2004). Another way of using hedonic value when it comes to assessing agriculture is using surveys of soil to find the quality of land and the price for production capacity. The hedonic method is especially useful when trying to find what outcomes will affect the agriculture industry through economics (Maly, et, al., 2022). The hedonic valuation method is compared to the Travel Cost Method in this study through comparison. The Travel Cost Method is used to calculate natural resources one can drive to but cannot be obtained through market prices (Pienaar, 2012). It is the cost people incur to visit the site which is of interest (Pienaar, 2012). This method looks at how much people spend to travel and time at a location to derive its market value (Pienaar, 2012). This is the opposite of the Hedonic valuation and does not meet any market prices but only implies the amount of time and money spent to visit the site of interest (Pienaar, 2012).
The Gross Domestic Product is a standard of ecological economic measurement put in place to indicate how many goods and services a country has developed within one year (Brezina, 2012, p. 4). This measurement indicates how fast a country is growing. If the economy is low within a country then the GDP is low and vice versa (Brezina, 2012, p. 5). In neoclassical economic theory if the economy is high and businesses are making more money then the GDP would indicate that said businesses would start hiring again (Brezina, 2012, p. 5-6). This would cause unemployment to decrease and increase a business's profits (Brezina, 2012, p. 6). GDP reports are used in government policy to gauge economic activity (Brezina, 2012, p. 7). This information from the GDP will indicate the welfare of society and how much a person would need to survive within a country (Brezina, 2012, p. 42). Even though the GDP is a great policy tool for supporting the social situation of a country it may not indicate the environmental well-being (Brezina, 2012, p. 50). The Gross National Product is a measuring tool used to tell how large an economy is in a certain country (Brezina, 2012, p. 5). GNP can compare different countries' economic progress (Brezina, 2012, p. 5). This indicator reflects the output of domestically owned companies within the United States of America and outside its borders (Brezina, 2012, p. 12). GNP and GDP numbers do not differ much when looking at the overall picture of the ecological economic structure of a country (Brezina, 2012, p. 15). To find the GNP value an adjustment must be made to the GDP through American assets abroad. Then it is subtracted from the GDP (Brezina, 2012, p. 15). This information from the GDP and GNP will indicate the welfare of society and how much a person would need to survive within and outside the country depending on which economic measuring tool was used (Brezina, 2012, p. 42). The Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) uses a monetary value to indicate ecological economic growth (Posner, et, al., 2011, p. 1). Most measurements of the economy use quantity of economic details but the GPI uses quality and quantity (Posner, et, al., 2011, p. 1). This is done by incorporating information about resources such as environmental conditions, resource stocks, social capital, and other non-marketed resources (Posner, et, al., 2011, p. 1). An example of this would be Baltimore City where results from a GPI maintained consistency with equilibrium and latency to produce a building block for businesses and the community (Posner, et, al., 2011, p. 2). The GPI uses an indicator to look into climate change through environmental costs not directly seen in the GDP. This was done in Sweden and used to promote a policy to overcome some aspects of climate change associated with the economy. The Sweden study of using a policy of GPI and increase in welfare occurred between 2000 and 2006 (Sonesson, 2009, p. 31). However, sustainability also decreased within the period because of a direct link between the poor and the rich division when looking at capital and welfare (Sonesson, 2009, p. 32). Climate change through greenhouse gasses can be measured through the GPI (Sonesson, 2009, p. 49). Comparison The GDP is a measurement tool that governments use to determine how the economy.
Conclusion & Reccomendations
Ecological economics through elasticity and equilibrium can stabilize the effects of climate change on sea level rise, hurricane storm surge mitigation of marshes, agricultural impacts from warming temperatures, CO2 rise, and the ecological economic footprint of water. Renewable energies, agricultural production, marshland uses, water ecological footprint, mangrove tree CO2 mitigation, and main ecological measuring tools all must be considered when mitigating climate change across an economic ecological sector. If all of these tools are considered then climate change mitigation can be successful and will contribute to an overall positive trend to ecological economics and sustainability.
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