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The 17th Century

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The 17th Century


This collection of 65 ready-to-teach articles traces the cultural history of the seventeenth century, exploring two contrasting European worlds that prospered side by side. On one hand, the Dutch Golden Age: decentralized provinces, a global trading empire anchored by the world's first stock market, and an unparalleled output of art. In contrast, the rise of absolute royal power — and the absolute cultural excellence that came with it. Ballet, haute cuisine, Gobelins tapestries, exquisite furniture, and majestic architecture still bear the undeniable stamp of that grand era. The seventeenth century also sparked a scientific revolution. As scholars developed the scientific method, they founded groundbreaking institutions to formalize their research. Driven by the Royal Society and the Académie des Sciences, this intellectual awakening gave Europe a lasting edge in science and global discovery.


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Description of Painting

Rembrandt’s The Night Watch (1642) is a celebration of a civic militia and of the independent pride of the Dutch city-states. The Dutch Golden Age completely revolutionized the portrayal of the common people, elevating everyday civic life to high art. Before this era, ordinary citizens were relegated to the background of paintings — serving as comic relief or as symbols of vice. Suddenly, artists no longer needed to rely on kings, popes, or gods to give a masterpiece its purpose.