Radiografía de la pandemia: análisis de la cobertura periodística de la Covid-19 en portadas de periódicos
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Resumen: La Covid-19 ha provocado una situación completamente extraordinaria y anómala. El nuevo coronavirus se ha convertido en un fenómeno global tras la declaración de un estado pandémico que afecta a todos los campos: sanitario, económico, social, científico, medioambiental, etc. Esta emergencia sanitaria afecta también a distintos niveles y actores, entre ellos los medios y el periodismo. En lo que a cobertura informativa se refiere, la portada de prensa representa un objeto de estudio relevante desde el punto de vista periodístico, pero también sociológico e historiográfico. La página principal juega un importante papel temporal explicativo, especialmente durante un evento tan disruptivo como la pandemia. Ofrece la posibilidad de "fotografiar" la cobertura de un acontecimiento en curso. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la cobertura del nuevo coronavirus y su evolución a lo largo del primer trimestre de 2020. Para responder a estas cuestiones, se realiza un análisis de contenido temático de 630 portadas de siete periódicos generalistas españoles de alcance nacional: El país, El mundo, ABC, La razón, La vanguardia, El periódico y El correo. Los resultados indican que la información sobre el virus ha ido aumentando progresivamente según la epidemia se hacía más próxima hasta estar dentro de las fronteras españolas. También que la cobertura fue muy homogénea en los diarios españoles, aunque se localizan algunas diferencias sobre todo por tendencias editoriales y por perspectiva regional o nacional. Asimismo, el patrón de los encuadres analizados se caracteriza por el diagnóstico actual de la pandemia muy enfocado en la definición del problema y la propuesta de soluciones sanitarias.
Abstract: Covid-19 has resulted in a totally extraordinary and anomalous situation. This new coronavirus became a global phenomenon after the declaration of a pandemic state, which affects all fields: health, economic, social, scientific, environmental, etc. This health emergency affects many different levels and actors, including media and journalism. As far as news coverage is concerned, the front page of the press represents a relevant object of study from a journalistic, as well as sociological and historiographical, point of view. The front page plays an important temporary explanatory role, especially during an event as disruptive as the pandemic. It offers the possibility to take a "snapshot" of the coverage of an ongoing event. The aim of this research is to analyze the coverage of the new coronavirus and its evolution throughout the first quarter of 2020. To answer these questions, a thematic content analysis of 630 front pages of seven Spanish national generalist newspapers (El país, El mundo, ABC, La razón, La vanguardia, El periódico, and El correo) was carried out. The results indicated that information about the virus increased progressively as the epidemic approached the Spanish borders. The coverage in the Spanish newspapers was highly homogeneous, although some differences can be found, mainly due to editorial trends and regional or national perspectives. The pattern of the analyzed samples is characterized by the current diagnosis of the pandemic, highly focused on the definition of the problem and the proposal of health solutions.
Abstract: Covid-19 has resulted in a totally extraordinary and anomalous situation. This new coronavirus became a global phenomenon after the declaration of a pandemic state, which affects all fields: health, economic, social, scientific, environmental, etc. This health emergency affects many different levels and actors, including media and journalism. As far as news coverage is concerned, the front page of the press represents a relevant object of study from a journalistic, as well as sociological and historiographical, point of view. The front page plays an important temporary explanatory role, especially during an event as disruptive as the pandemic. It offers the possibility to take a "snapshot" of the coverage of an ongoing event. The aim of this research is to analyze the coverage of the new coronavirus and its evolution throughout the first quarter of 2020. To answer these questions, a thematic content analysis of 630 front pages of seven Spanish national generalist newspapers (El país, El mundo, ABC, La razón, La vanguardia, El periódico, and El correo) was carried out. The results indicated that information about the virus increased progressively as the epidemic approached the Spanish borders. The coverage in the Spanish newspapers was highly homogeneous, although some differences can be found, mainly due to editorial trends and regional or national perspectives. The pattern of the analyzed samples is characterized by the current diagnosis of the pandemic, highly focused on the definition of the problem and the proposal of health solutions.