Hacking MFA — Defensive Overview Only

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) is strong, but attackers try to exploit the human or implementation weaknesses around it.

🛑 1. MFA Fatigue Attacks (Push Bombing)

Attackers send many MFA push notifications hoping the user clicks “Approve” out of annoyance or confusion.

Defense

• Enable number matching
• Limit push attempts
• Use FIDO2 keys instead of push MFA

🛑 2. Social Engineering (Phishing)

Attackers trick users into entering MFA codes on fake login pages.

Defense

• Use phishing-resistant MFA (FIDO2/WebAuthn)
• Train users to identify fake login portals
• Enable conditional access

🛑 3. SIM Swapping

Attackers trick a telecom provider into transferring your phone number to a new SIM card.

Defense

• Avoid SMS-based MFA
• Add a PIN/lock to your mobile carrier account
• Use authentication apps or hardware keys

🛑 4. Session Token Theft

Malware or web exploits can steal an active session token after the user logs in.

Defense

• Use device compliance checks
• Enable continuous access evaluation
• Use secure browsers & EDR tools

🛑 5. Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Proxy Attacks

Tools like reverse proxies capture usernames, passwords, and MFA codes.

Defense

• Use FIDO2 keys / Passkeys
• Enable TLS 1.2+, HSTS, and certificate pinning
• Implement phishing-resistant Conditional Access

🛑 6. Backup Codes Misuse

Weak backup code security can bypass MFA.

Defense

• Store backup codes in encrypted vaults
• Rotate them regularly
• Disable unused MFA methods

🛡️ Best Practices to Secure MFA

✔ Prefer FIDO2 / Passkeys

✔ Disable weak MFA options (SMS, email OTP)

✔ Enforce Conditional Access Policies

✔ Monitor for impossible travel alerts

✔ Enable Identity Protection (Azure AD / AWS IAM)

✔ Use MFA fraud alert buttons (Reject + Report)

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