The Great War: Understanding World War I

Chapter 1 Introduction to World War I

World War I, also known as the Great War, was a global conflict that lasted from 1914 to 1918. It involved the majority of the world's nations, including all of the great powers, organized into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Central Powers. The war caused widespread devastation, both physically and emotionally, leading to an estimated 17 million deaths and 20 million wounded soldiers. In addition to the devastating human toll, the war resulted in the fall of four empires and the rise of new nation-states, including the Soviet Union. The war also marked the beginning of a new era in international relations, marked by the League of Nations, which was formed to promote international peace and cooperation.

The Major Powers of Europe in the Pre-War Era

Before the outbreak of World War I, Europe was divided into several major powers, each with their own distinct interests and ambitions. The major powers included Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire, all of which were multi-ethnic empires. In addition to these empires, the major powers included France, Britain, and Italy, which were nations made up of single ethnic groups. Each of these powers had its own unique interests and ambitions, which often put them in competition with one another. For example, Germany wanted to become a dominant power in Europe, while Britain was determined to maintain its naval supremacy. France, on the other hand, wanted to regain the territories lost to Germany in the Franco-Prussian War.