BM-21

The BM-21 "Grad" (Russian: БМ-21 "Град", lit. 'hail') is a self-propelled 122 mm multiple rocket launcher designed in the Soviet Union.[10] The system and the M-21OF rocket[11] were first developed in the early 1960s, and saw their first combat use in March 1969 during the Sino-Soviet border conflict.[12] BM stands for boyevaya mashina (Russian: боевая машина – combat vehicle), and the nickname grad means "hail". The complete system with the BM-21 launch vehicle and the M-21OF rocket is designated as the M-21 field-rocket system. The complete system is more commonly known as a Grad multiple rocket launcher system