Differential Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder
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This chapter discusses the history and development of the diagnostic concept of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Key points include: - ASD was first described by Kanner in 1943, though cases existed prior. Early years were plagued by inconsistent diagnosis and mistaken beliefs. - In the 1970s, evidence established ASD as a valid diagnostic concept, including recognition as a brain-based disorder, twin studies showing strong genetics, and response to structured teaching. - Attempts to provide better clinical guidelines occurred in the 1970s. Major changes also happened in psychiatric diagnosis, leading to inclusion of ASD in DSM-III in 1980. This stimulated extensive research on ASD.
