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📹 Introduction to CCTV

1️⃣ What is CCTV?

CCTV (Closed-Circuit Television) is a video surveillance system where cameras transmit video signals to specific monitors or recording devices.

• Unlike broadcast TV, the signal is not publicly transmitted – it’s “closed-circuit.”
• Purpose: Security, monitoring, and safety.

2️⃣ Main Components of CCTV System

1. Camera – Captures the video. Types:

• Dome Camera – Indoor, discreet, 360° coverage
• Bullet Camera – Outdoor, long-range, visible deterrent
• PTZ Camera – Pan, Tilt, Zoom remotely
• C-Mount Camera – Interchangeable lens for special requirements

1. Lens – Determines the field of view & focus
2. Digital Video Recorder (DVR) / Network Video Recorder (NVR) – Records video
3. Monitor / Display – Shows live or recorded footage
4. Cables / Network – Transmit video signals

• Analog: Coaxial cable
• IP: Ethernet cable

1. Power Supply – Cameras require electricity

• PoE (Power over Ethernet) for IP cameras

3️⃣ Types of CCTV Systems

1. Analog CCTV

• Uses coaxial cables
• Connects to DVR
• Affordable, less flexible

1. IP / Digital CCTV

• Uses Internet Protocol (IP)
• Connects via network / LAN
• Higher resolution, remote access

1. Wireless CCTV

• Transmits video wirelessly
• Easy installation, but may have interference

4️⃣ CCTV Features

• Motion detection
• Night vision / Infrared (IR)
• Remote viewing via smartphone / computer
• Continuous or scheduled recording
• Alerts and notifications

5️⃣ Applications of CCTV

• Security: Homes, offices, banks
• Traffic monitoring: Highways, intersections
• Industrial monitoring: Factories, warehouses
• Retail: Loss prevention, customer behavior analysis
• Public spaces: Airports, malls, stations

6️⃣ Advantages

• Deters crime
• Evidence collection
• Remote monitoring
• Reduces the need for physical security

7️⃣ Disadvantages / Limitations

• Privacy concerns
• Vulnerable to hacking (for IP cameras)
• Requires maintenance and power
• High-resolution systems can be costly

8️⃣ Basic Setup Overview

1. Install cameras (indoors/outdoors)
2. Connect to DVR/NVR or network
3. Connect monitor or smartphone app
4. Configure recording, alerts, and storage