Swedens and Indias increase in living standard (English)

Both Sweden and India underwent transformative century-long journeys, evolving from agrarian foundations into global industrial and technological hubs.

Sweden (1870–1970): The "Golden Century"

The Transformation: In 1870, Sweden was one of Europe's poorest nations. By 1970, it had become the world's 4th richest OECD nation.

Innovation Engine: This era was driven by

"Genius Industrialists":

Gustaf de Laval: Founded Alfa Laval (1883) based on his milk separator and steam turbine.

Alfred Nobel: Patented dynamite (1867) and established a global industrial empire.

L.M. Ericsson: Founded Ericsson (1876), pioneering modern telecommunications.

Key Driver: A stable, export-oriented economy fueled by raw materials (timber, iron) and advanced engineering.

Institutet för Näringslivsforskning - IFN