Beyond Good and Evil by Nietzsche

1. First Essay: "Good and Evil", "Good and Bad" - Nietzsche examines the origins of our moral values, contrasting the nobility of ancient aristocratic values (which he associates with "noble" morality) with the "slave morality" that arose from the resentment of the oppressed. He argues that the latter, rooted in weakness and ressentiment, redefines good as meekness, humility, and compassion.