Saami.DG + Saami.WGA.HO 23andme format

The Sámi are an Indigenous people of northern Fennoscandia whose traditional lifestyle centered on hunting, fishing, trapping, and—especially in later periods—semi-nomadic reindeer herding adapted to the Arctic and sub-Arctic environment. Rather than developing centralized states, they were organized into local siida communities led by respected elders or noaidis (shamans), and over time, they interacted extensively with Swedes, Norwegians, Finns, and Russians through trade, taxation, and missionary activity, often being claimed simultaneously by multiple states. During the Migration Period and early Middle Ages, expanding Finnic-speaking populations moved northward in what is now Finland, gradually displacing and assimilating Sámi groups there, pushing Sámi settlement further north.

According to Fst statistics, the Saamis are mostly close to Finns, although they aren’t particularly close to them, being about as closely related to the Finns as the Finns are to Sardinians. With F2 statistics, which are less susceptible to low heterozygosity, they are still closest to Finns.