Description

This theme investigates the fundamental electrochemical principles, advanced materials technologies, electrode engineering strategies, system architectures, and performance optimization methodologies governing modern electrical energy storage systems. It encompasses lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, hard-carbon anodes, advanced cathode materials, solid-state electrolytes, electrochemical capacitors, dielectric energy-storage ceramics, hybrid energy storage systems, and emerging high-power energy storage technologies. Particular emphasis is placed on understanding the relationships among electrochemical reaction mechanisms, crystal structure, electrode morphology, defect chemistry, ionic transport, electronic conductivity, interfacial stability, energy density, power density, charge–discharge behaviour, and long-term cycling reliability.