What decides if excess carbohydrates are stored in adipose tissue or used for VLDL?
1) Energy needs of the body — With ample energy available from carb intake recent, excess glucose is converted into fatty acids (DNL). So, Fatty acids either become fat or VLDL based on energy needs of the body.
2) Hormonal Regulation — (1) Insulin: insulin levels rise after carb intake, promoting glucose uptake (absorption) of cells & activity enzymes to do with lipogenesis; (2) Glucagon: (When blood glucose levels are low,) Glucagon stimulates the liver to release stored glucose & promotes breakdown of triglycerides in adipose tissue, releasing fatty acids for energy (a) or VLDL (a) production.
3) Liver function: Excess carbs ➡️ more fat accumulation in the liver, stimulating VLNL prod.
Insulin resistance also enhances VLDL secretion.
4) Transcription factors: Sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1C) & carb-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) are activated by insulin & glucose, promoting the expression of genes involved in fatty acid & triglyceride synthesis. In other words, transcription factors respond to bodily functions which are under siege of heavy carb intake by promoting genetic expression linked to fatty acid & triglyceride synthesises.
5. Fatty acid flux to the liver: increased flow of fatty acids to the liver, from DNL or the breakdown of adipose tissue triglycerides, stimulates VLDL secretion
6 minutes later.
this and the agrarian system go hand in hand. so of course it's spoken of through 2 Peter (2:21). "For it had been better for them not to have known the way of righteousness, than, after they have known it, to turn from the holy commandment delivered unto them."
20 days, 3 hours, and 29 minutes later.
The exact degree to which maternal carb intake impacts fetal DNL is an area of ongoing research. Heh.
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