Handbook of Risk and Crisis Communication

Contents
Contributors  ix
Introduction  xi
SECTION I. EXPLORING THE REACH OF CRISIS AND RISK COMMUNICATION  1
1  The Significance of Crisis and Risk Communication  5
ROBERT L.HEATH AND H.DAN O’HAIR
2  Historical Trends of Risk and Crisis Communication  31
MICHAEL J.PALENCHAR
3  Cultural Theory and Risk  53
JAMES TANSEY AND STEVE RAYNER
4  Risk Communication: Insights and Requirements for Designing Successful
Communication Programs on Health and Environmental Hazards  80
ORTWIN RENN
5  Conceptualizing Crisis Communication  99
W.TIMOTHY COOMBS
6  The Precautionary Principle and Risk Communication  119
STEVE MAGUIRE AND JAYE ELLIS
SECTION II. KEY CONSTRUCTS OF CRISIS AND RISK COMMUNICATION  139
7  Strategies for Overcoming Challenges to Effective Risk Communication  143
VINCENT T.COVELLO
8  Risk Communication Education for Local Emergency Managers: Using the CAUSE
Model for Research, Education, and Outreach  168
KATHERINE E.ROWAN, CARL H.BOTAN, GARY L.KREPS, SERGEI SAMOILENKO,
AND KAREN FARNSWORTH
9  Risk and Social Dramaturgy  192
INGAR PALMLUND
vi  Contents
10  Myths and Maxims of Risk and Crisis Communication  205
PETER A.ANDERSEN AND BRIAN H.SPITZBERG
11  The Ecological Perspective and Other Ways to (Re)Consider Cultural Factors
in Risk Communication  227
LINDA ALDOORY
12  Science Literacy and Risk Analysis: Relationship to the Postmodernist Critique,
Conservative Christian Activists, and Professional Obfuscators  247
MICHAEL RYAN
13  Influence Theories: Rhetorical, Persuasion, and Informational  268
JEFFREY K.SPRINGSTON, ELIZABETH JOHNSON AVERY, AND LYNNE M.SALLOT
14  Raising the Alarm and Calming Fears: Perceived Threat and Efficacy During
Risk and Crisis  285
ANTHONY J.ROBERTO, CATHERINE E.GOODALL, AND KIM WITTE
15  Post-Crisis Communication and Renewal: Understanding the Potential
for Positive Outcomes in Crisis Communication  302
ROBERT R.ULMER, TIMOTHY L.SELLNOW, AND MATTHEW W.SEEGER
16  Risk Communication by Organizations: The Back Story  323
CARON CHESS AND BRANDEN JOHNSON
17  Ethical Responsibility and Guidelines for Managing Issues of Risk and
Risk Communication  343
SHANNON A.BOWEN
18  Linking Public Participation and Decision Making through Risk Communication  364
KATHERINE A.MCCOMAS, JOSEPH ARVAI, AND JOHN C.BESLEY
19  Warming Warnings: Global Challenges of Risk and Crisis Communication  386
DAVID MCKIE AND CHRISTOPHER GALLOWAY
20  Risk, Crisis, and Mediated Communication  398
KURT NEUWIRTH
21  Crises and Risk in Cyberspace  412
KIRK HALLAHAN
22  Virtual Risk: The Role of New Media in Violent and Nonviolent Ideological Groups  446
MATTHEW T.ALLEN, AMANDA D.ANGIE, JOSH L.DAVIS, CRISTINA L.BYRNE,
H.DAN O’HAIR, SHANE CONNELLY, AND MICHAEL D.MUMFORD
23  Community Building through Risk Communication Infrastructures  471
ROBERT L.HEATH, MICHAEL J.PALENCHAR, AND H.DAN O’HAIR
Contents  vii
SECTION III. CONTEXTS OF CRISIS AND RISK COMMUNICATION  489
24  Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication in Health Contexts:
Applying the CDC Model to Pandemic Influenza  493
MATTHEW W.SEEGER, BARBARA REYNOLDS, AND TIMOTHY L.SELLNOW
25  How People Think about Cancer: A Mental Models Approach  507
JULIE S.DOWNS, WÄNDI BRUINE DE BRUIN, BARUCH FISCHHOFF,
BRADFORD HESSE, AND ED MAIBACH
26  Killing and Other Campus Violence: Restorative Enrichment of Risk and
Crisis Communication  525
CINDI ATKINSON, COURTNEY VAUGHN, AND JAMI VANCAMP
27  Denial, Differentiation, and Apology: On the Use of Apologia in Crisis Management  542
KEITH MICHAEL HEARIT AND KASIE MITCHELL ROBERSON
28  Risk Communication and Biotechnology: A Discourse Perspective  560
SHIRLEY LEITCH AND JUDY MOTION
29  Precautionary Principle and Biotechnology: Regulators Are from Mars and
Activists Are from Venus  576
STEPHANIE PROUTHEAU AND ROBERT L.HEATH
30  Environmental Risk Communication: Responding to Challenges of Complexity
and Uncertainty  591
TARLA RAI PETERSON AND JESSICA LEIGH THOMPSON
31  Knowing Terror: On the Epistemology and Rhetoric of Risk  607
KEVIN J.AYOTTE, DANIEL REX BERNARD AND H.DAN O’HAIR
32  Magnifying Risk and Crisis: The Influence of Communication Technology
on Contemporary Global Terrorism  629
MICHAEL D.BRUCE AND H.DAN O’HAIR
33  Opportunity Knocks: Putting Communication Research into the Travel and
Tourism Risk and Crisis Literature  654
LYNNE M.SALLOT, ELIZABETH JOHNSON AVERY, AND JEFFREY K.SPRINGSTON
Index  667