What did your country know about Japan before the First World War?
Discover the history of Japan–Hungary relations. Then discover what your own country has to say about Japan.
Exploring The Early History of Japan-Hungary Relations is the first comprehensive English-language history of Japan–Hungary relations (1869–1913) - and a case study in how forgotten connections between Japan and other countries can be rediscovered.
Based on more than 1,400 multilingual sources, this 1,027-page study follows diplomats, travellers, naval expeditions, newspapers, exhibitions, cultural exchanges, and the ideas that shaped European perceptions of Japan during the Meiji era.
But Hungary is only the beginning.
It is particularly relevant to readers interested in:
• Japanese history and Meiji Japan
• Japan travel
• Japanese culture
• Japan's international relations
• Japan–Europe relations
• Austro–Hungarian diplomacy and global history
• Japan travel and nineteenth-century travel writing
• Japanophilia and Japanese culture in Europe
• cultural exchange and international exhibitions
• diplomatic and political history
• the global history of modernizing societies
• researching forgotten bilateral relations with Japan
After reading this book, you will not only learn how Japan–Hungary relations developed - you may also finish the book wondering: what happened between Japan and my country?
For Japanologists, historians, researchers, and advanced readers, this volume provides a detailed reference work on an overlooked bilateral relationship. For curious readers, it offers a gateway into the fascinating world of nineteenth-century encounters with Japan - and perhaps the inspiration to explore and write their own country's story.
MAIN THEMES
I. History of Modernization
II. History of Expeditions
III. Diplomatic and Economic History
IV. History of Travel
V. Cultural, Literary and Art History
VI. History of Ideas and Ideologies
+ exhaustive bibliography of 1,488 primary and secondary sources in Hungarian, English, German, and Japanese (13% of the total being Japanese language sources)
+ 166 rare illustrations
+ 43 explanatory tables and charts
+ more than 2,300 footnotes
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Zero.
Polygraphing Hungarian Perceptions of Japan in a Global Context Lack of conflicts – Global and Local Narratives of Farness and Exoticism – Narratives of Closeness and National Exceptionalisms – The Value of Japan – Japan as a trigger for postmodern ideological and human rights activism – Japan Days – Literary Agents of Accidental Soft Power – The Western/semi-peripheral ego and its engagement with Japan – Japanophile engagement with Japan: a deep emotional charge – Women and Engagement with 'things Japanese' in Hungary – From Japanology to Japanese Studies in Europe: a brief overview of status, evolution, challenges, and embedded Japanophilia within – Japanophile circles and behavioural science – Criticism and Pitfalls of Japanophile-Criticism
Chapter One.
Modernization A peculiar coincidence between Hungary and Japan? – Global inequalities in the Great Divergence – Constitutional Transformations in the Late 1860s – The formation of Austro-Hungarian Monarchy – The Compromise and the administrative characteristics of the Monarchy – The Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and its surroundings – The naming and the political autonomy within the Monarchy – Austro-Hungarian Monarchy as the melting pot of different ethnicities – National identity within the Hungarian Kingdom – Agriculture, industrialization and GDP in the Hungarian Kingdom – Economy, finance, education in the Hungarian Kingdom – Magyarization efforts – Urbanization and Budapest – Public health situation – Japan’s external and internal issues in the second half of the 19th century – Education in Japan – The end of the Shogunate and the first part of the Meiji period – Financial situation of Meiji Japan – Rapid development in Japan – Newspapers and the press in Meiji Japan – Public health in Meiji Japan – Colonialism – Armed conflicts – Conclusion
Chapter Two.
Expeditions The evolution of marine sailing and the Double Monarchy’s Navy in Asia – Expeditions to Japan: The Austro-Hungarian East Asian Expedition (1868-1871) – The Széchenyi Expedition (1877-80) – The Zrínyi Corvette with a Hungarian ship’s doctor in Japan (1890-92) – Franz Ferdinand's journey to Japan (1892-93) – Japanese expeditions to the West, and the Iwakura mission
Chapter Three.
Diplomacy and Foreign Trade The meeting of Japan and Europe – The emergence of the Western powers in Japan – Unequal treaties between the great powers and Japan from the second half of the 19th century – The first era of globalization – The first phase of diplomatic relations between the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and Japan and the Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation of 1869 – Revision of the unequal treaties – Foreign trade between the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and Japan – Diplomatic relations, diplomatic missions – Japanese honors awarded to Hungarians
Chapter Four.
Lived Experiences and Knowledge Transfers: Travelers and Residents in Travelogues, Diaries, and Newspaper Articles European travelers in Japan – Globetrotterism and Insiderism: Art, Bureaucracy, and the Realities of ‘Being Foreign in Japan’ – High Life and Lowdown in the Treaty Ports – Travel history of Hungarians traveling to Japan – Contemporary literature related to Japan written by Hungarian travelers – Methodological suggestions for researching travel literature and the representation of Japan – Visual representations in Hungarian travel literature – The Affordability of Japan: What a Traveler Spent in the 1910s Compared to Wages of the Time in Japan and Hungary – Travel history of Japanese traveling to the Kingdom of Hungary – Contemporary literature related to Hungary written by Japanese travelers – Japan in Hungarian Publications; Hungary in Japanese Publications – Crossing Paths Outside of Hungary and Japan - At Journey’s End: Hungarians in the Yokohama Foreign Cemetery
Chapter Five.
Relations in Culture, Literature, and Art Foundations of Knowledge on Japan and Hungary – From Commerce to Art: Japan Steps Into the Spotlight – The Vienna World’s Fair (Weltausstellung) of 1873: Processes and Contexts of Planning, Execution, and Impact – Japoniserie and Japonisme in the West and in the Kingdom of Hungary – Japonism(e) vs. Commercial Japan-Fever: Toward a Nuanced Understanding – Japan on Display in the Kingdom of Hungary – Collecting Japan in Hungary – The Influence of Japonism(e) on Hungarian Painting and Graphic Arts – Early Agoras of Commercial Japan-Fever in the Kingdom of Hungary – Japan-Fever in Hungarian Literature, Urban Legends, Music, Theatre and Film: From Pages to Stages – Hungarian Silent Films in Japan – Japan-Related Themes in Hungarian Architecture – Japan Fever, But Not for Profit: Balls for a Cause – Beyond Observation: A History of Japanese Language Teaching and Learning in Hungary – Japonisme and Japan-Fever in Hungary: Ideological Retrospect and 21st-Century Misreadings by State-Aligned Scholars
Chapter Six.
Ideas, National Ideologies Tracing Origins: Magyar Ethnogenesis, the Hun-Hungarian Myth, and an Obsessed Inquiry into an Ainu Skull – Japanese travelers and thinkers on the Hungarians – Contemporary documents relating to the Hungarians in the collection of the National Diet Library of Japan – Between Japan and the West: “datsu-a” and “yellow peril” – The beginnings of Hungarian and Japanese Turanism, writings on Japanese-Hungarian kinship – An Enduring Undercurrent: A Never-Ending Trespass Where the Knowable Ends and Wishful Thinking Begins – Hungarian Political Japanophilia: Self-validation, Wishful Thinking, and Basking in the Reflected Popularity of the Other – Learning from Japan, Comparison with Japan: A Recurring Topos in Right-Wing Hungarian Political Thinking – The Orbán regime’s Like-Hunting in Hungarian Media Using “things Japanese” – Japan as an Export Destination for the “Hungarian Model” – Japan Rates, Hungary Celebrates: The Hungarian Media's Fascination with Japanese Credit Ratings – Paper Hussars (b)owing to Paper Samurais: A Joyful Shadow Play Between Debtor and Creditor – Populist Stew: An Unhealthy Mix of Neo-Turanism and Political Japanophilia
Instead of a Summary:
Concluding Thoughts on the Future of Research on Early Bilateral Relations Histories with Japan
Appendix
The Diplomatic Mission of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in Japan
Japan's Diplomatic Representation in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
Austro-Hungarian warships in Japan
Japanese Literature Translated into Hungarian
Author Biography
Bibliography