Electrolyte-Sensitive Emulsions and Their Stabilisers

Electrolyte sensitivity is a frequent but often underestimated cause of emulsion instability in cosmetic formulations. While emulsifier selection, oil phase composition, and processing conditions are commonly prioritised, the ionic environment of the aqueous phase is just as critical. Many cosmetic formulations contain significant electrolyte loads introduced through actives, botanical extracts, mineral salts, buffers, preservatives, and even some polymers. These electrolytes can destabilise emulsions that otherwise appear well designed and initially stable.

Electrolyte-sensitive emulsions are not inherently flawed systems. Rather, they require deliberate formulation strategies that account for ionic strength, polymer behaviour, and interfacial stabilisation mechanisms. This document explains how electrolytes interact with emulsions, why certain systems fail, and which stabilisers can be used to improve electrolyte tolerance without compromising sensory or performance attributes.